as in most cases it is all to me the curse of all nuclear situation and she goes from bad to worse our consultants and radiation levels and strong dollar from constricted pushing up. all the things government agencies there's no immediate danger of stripping transparent little telling the truth about paulson and here means not everyone. can say to constantly concerns that's the whole asia pacific region on a love with a potential for knowledge could reach on wide and leave it small leads to top.

hundred albums golf balls using maybe i'll be taking out of new ground on the rebels while most well ours are against an i.e.d. and a flies out of office country the us is still sent to the scouts its. last conditions was that in japan the walls left big questions about nuclear power. if it is it will pass then who shared his thoughts on what we can learn from what's been happening in asia. today i'm talking to walt patterson who's in a safe to play at chatham house and also the author of a book on the power industry keeping the lights on our paths and thank you very much for talking to our state now the situation in japan is recent several explosions at fukushima nuclear power plant what do you think the chances are that we may see more and the situation carrying on i'm sure that the people working on

the site hope that they've got it under control but they seem to be releasing an awful lot of hydrogen from at least three reactors and now from a fuel pond as well and hydrogen is an explosive gas if it's confined mixed with air or produces it can produce very dramatic explosions as we've seen so that's clearly a. major concern for them but i think the explosion problem is almost the least of their problems at the moment because what it has done to the reactors we don't know we don't know who hasn't apparently damaged the containment or the reactor pressure vessels themselves alone i gather there may be a hole in one of the containments in unit two but what bothers me and i haven't heard any very good plan for mission about it is what it is done to the actual contact between the control room and the reactor itself whether the whether

the tiles engages in the control room are now actually giving reliable information about what's happening inside the reactors particularly because the sensors for temperature and pressure and water level and so on in the turbulent conditions that have been happening in those reactors must be the sensors must themselves now be potentially unreliable which means that the engineers in the control room don't actually know what's going on in the reactors and what could be going on in those reactors in yours. the problem is that they may have water levels rising and falling they may have fuel explode we know that they have had fuel exposed which has produced the reaction the reaction between the the molten metal cladding and the water but produces the hydrogen so they've certainly had some fuel damage they may well have fuel ceramic fuel pellets that are now also circulating through the core and that will be clogging up channels and generally generally changing the

configuration of the geometry in the core and unless the reaction unless the reactor engineers know what is going on they're liable to do something wrong they're liable to do the wrong thing that's what happened at the accident at three mile island in the united states the engineers who thought they were doing the right thing to protect the protect the core. open valves when they should have closed them and vice versa and wonder exposing the core and causing a major meltdown and you've mentioned that they get rainy and rugs in reactor number two at focus in my way space and we know that they were in space certainly for a period of time how dangerous is that well the. fuel fuel elements when they're running in the reactor with a chain reaction running the build up of radioactive waste in the fuel rods themselves gradually accumulates quite a sizeable infantry of very hot radioactive waste and when you talk about the

reactors all shutting down at the time of the earthquake which means that they shut down the chain reaction but you cannot shut down the radioactive waste and anything up to ten percent of the heat in the reactor core when it's when it's when it's running comes from the radioactive waste not from the chain reaction and you can't shut down the heat from the waste that he means that you have to keep taking the heat away or the temperature of the fuel rods goes up very fast and what has happened in i think all three units now is that the fuel has been at least partly exposed such that it then allows its own temperature to go up until the level cubes melt and the metal cubes melt and the little fuel pellets what are just like little sweetie's fall fall down the uranium fall falls down into into the water and of course the problem that produces is that if enough of them falls together they can start up a chain reaction again and despite all this and what you're talking about is sort

of self-perpetuating scenario the government in japan keep thank the safety of the fire the thing for people to worry about you think that telling the whole tree i'm not sure they know the whole truth that's part of the problem i mean in the circumstance it would be bad enough if it were normal times but this is after an earthquake and an enormous tsunami and the communication channels and the normal organization even of a society. as organized as japan has taken a terrible hit so the fact that they're now faced with a problem like the nuclear problem or they already have more on their hands than anybody could possibly imagine with that with the earthquake and the aftermath of the tsunami but if it's brutally brutally difficult for the for the both for the government and for the people of egypt and the rest of the wild we always say that pat has a reputation as one of the wealth mais technologically advanced countries and yet they've been struggling to corby's react without for days now what are the factors that play that and think well i think one of the factors is precisely the fact that

the that this is a nuclear power is a very very complicated technology and its track record of actually dealing with some of the implications of the of the the inherent the inherent characteristics of this or this type of reactor is not good but i found last night an article that i wrote nearly forty years ago describing an intense controversy in the united states for both the performance precisely of the so-called emergency cooling systems on water cooled reactors and the performance was criticized by independent experts in the u.s. to put the then nuclear establishment the us atomic energy commission we've the concerns aside and this was at the time when fukushima one was being built. and the same the same problem is inherent in this kind of reactor the only kind of reactor

that anybody is building now anywhere in the world these reactors were originally built as power plants for submarines and obviously the overall overriding design criterion is that it has to be compact enough to fit inside the whole of a submarine and that means that it has to produce an enormous amount of heat in a very small war you. and the only way that it can do that is with very very high pressure water which means in turn that the walls of the reactor the boiler the reactor pressure vessel have to be twenty centimeters thick and this poses all kinds of safety problems if there is any possibility of the pressure being lost or even worse if the pressure vessel itself might happen to be breached and these are the problems that these the engineers are now trying to cope with in japan and some commentators on that that are saying that this is starting to look a lot like chin up or what do you think about that i hope that we are still going

to be a long way short of a normal here particularly for one reason but even if there were a major release of radioactivity from one or more of the reactors the event to churn labile was accompanied by an enormous fire which produced a huge plume of thought here carrying radioactivity right up into the stratosphere and that radioactivity was then carried all over the planet by stratospheric whims i think that i can't think of a mechanism that would distribute radioactivity on that kind of scale from anything that could possibly happen in fukushima but we have heard that they have already had some fires including a fire in a fuel pond which the cooling apparently failed and any kind of any kind of heat source like that will at least produced some kind of updraft to lift some radioactivity of some kind into the into the upper atmosphere into the into into

the wind where it can be carried some distance and obviously there are lots of fact that play like whether that's a fire in which direction the winds blow a salute but what what are the chances that it weighs your acts of crowd could reach west africa japan. i think very low i think very low for one thing the prevailing wind is not in that direction and for another thing as i say i can't think of a mechanism that would lift a significant amount of radioactivity high enough for it to travel that kind of distance so i don't i don't think there's any any reason for concern and for russia or for north america for that reason japan is very unstable geographically in terms of us quake and yet at the japanese have chosen to build a lot of nuclear power stations space a lot of that power supply to nuclear energy do you think this will change the attitude to nuclear power in japan think it is down to there have been of course

there's been quite a substantial body of opinion in japan including amongst these knowledge just that building nuclear plants anywhere in japan is not a good idea my personal feeling is that building nuclear plants anywhere is not a good idea for for basically economic reasons they are very expensive they tend to be unreliable they are a kind of electricity which is very inflexible and difficult for an electricity system to use because you can lose a thousand megawatts in two minutes and one way in another i have never been persuaded that the economic case for nuclear power is especially convincing and in recent years of course that has been the major controversy about nuclear power investment all over the world private investors do not want to spend money on nuclear plants for quite understandable reasons they don't think they could get their money back but now the safety issue has come back again and that will complicate things even further and of course we haven't had a big nuclear accident really since general by nine hundred eighty six so that

people are not to be achieving that nuclear power is becoming saikai while a well at this partly that but i think a much more important factor is that until quite recently nobody has built a new nuclear plants and not in the west there have been no. no nuclear plants ordered in the us for example since nine hundred seventy eight and since that day and every plate ordered since one thousand nine hundred seventy four has been canceled up until the last couple of years when there is suddenly begun to be an great deal of u.s. government taxpayers' money on offer as subsidies for construction of new nuclear plants and even that is not persuading the companies in the us to build them so the the reason that people have not been objecting to nuclear power her past twenty years is that nobody's been building them so now you're going to get a situation which i think mit might turn into a rerun of the kind of controversies of the first generation of nuclear plants in the late sixty's and seventy's when the public was deeply unhappy about

a lot of these plans and we may well find that happens again. thank you very much. sports is political in ways we don't often even notice especially on the level of culture where our ideas and attitudes as a society are shaped. when it. comes over the ties between professional football in the u.s. military have existed since the start of the n.f.l. back in one thousand twenty that when lation jim crow meant slaves during world war two and today that bond is stronger than ever and large we are uncertain or secure all good all good all help carry some kind of feel a little bit of recent history is taught us the sports is never just something that we just sit back and watch that sports always had an important social function and the history of american sports is no different.

if. it is the beautiful. that's.

critical nuclear situation in japan goes from bad to worse and the sudden spike in radiation levels means drawn from the strength of our parts. of the japanese government says no immediate danger is triple track record of telling the truth about prostate here probably means that not everyone bends. all seem to think you can see the whole asia pacific region on the potential pool albert could reach on why it's not pretty good to come. under dolphin you've got enough forces in the taking adam all the ground from the rebels well most of all how is are

against imposing a flying data plan for the country the un is set said to this. all sports news. that's. good and the same old teams are the quarterfinals of the champions league is a living image predict that's correct and you know i didn't insert made it through last night but only just it wasn't a gimme by any stretch we've reaction to that person look at tonight's games involving reality and chelsea. hello day you're watching a sport and this is what is coming up a little bit. by saying to survival defending champion stay in the cage victory over the style of the. long run you know i didn't mean to milan reach the champions league quarter finals with narrow win. for your screen top seeds for the indian

wells and jankovic schiavone and cloisters regrets. that start there with the continental hockey league playoffs by double defending champion was about you live for neil in you for his advice and you could go. cup quarterfinals previously. could have become the first side to reach the semi thought but for different place . in a surprising result decided match while it's all square in the other contests their regular season champions are vanguards tied seeded to wall courtesy of a hard four three two win over most of the continent to the she met in the winner having darts deep into overtime. football's champions league where into milan united have made it through to the quarter finals seen by munich and marse a respectively on tuesday night into the defending champion squeezing past behind with the goran pandev goal to four minutes from time that made it three two on the night and three three on i get me into a go through to the last state on the way buildings and the other side punched

united a became our say to win at old trafford after the coldest draw in france how they have a mandate scored twice in manchester high praise from boss alex ferguson. i think graf surprised i think. some came through just for us to warn him because. it's a substitute. more and he went through us. but. he's adjusted to the physical part very well and he's watched the movements very real no i don't. screw loose options. tonight chelsea had a great chance of making friday's quarter final draw they take on copenhagen at stamford bridge with a two goal cushion from the first leg nicolas anelka has price in denmark giving them some daylight but please manager. he says he won't be taking his opponents lightly even though they've never won in england in this tournament was.

going to move on. the file of the champions league and we have a lot about bench on the open road and it's a good team. good work and is a sure. thing would be ok really huge. this time code number of where the team to stay for was on brought up on the show now i want to part from so few people giving the visitors much of a chance in london tonight because you can manage just a little back and says the tie is far from over and could be decided by who scores first. the other going tonight ryall madrid take only on the burn about the teens three one one in the first leg and be hoping for some revenge having been knocked out by leon at this stage last year in fact they've been dumped out of the last sixteen in this competition for the last six seasons but in the arena of says both sides will be feeling the pressure. the pressure. competition so it is not called

competition everybody knows that. after the match one team goes through another team goes home. everybody knows that the next rounds one team another team will watch on t.v. and that's. the pressure that applies to these. just. local chinese. uneaten spot out moscow will be in action in the europa league but not all of them have the best of starts on the i mean weekend of a new russian prime a league season a quick look back now at what happened it is that was kind of. her he.

now let's touch up with the tennis and indian wells where some big names have fallen thursley u.s. open champion came caused his exact forced retire from her fourth rant i with a shoulder injury yeah the belgian won the first set against manning bartoli of france six string then just got the world number two saying she did trouble with

the shoulder before a more natural to miami ahead of next week's treatment. is the defending champion. losing to compact and or evaluate six for sixteen days to study contending teams the benefits got the better of the nineteen something that face box in the final and i wasn't the only surprise by see francesca schiavone last entry says to pierson's israel of the world number one caroline wozniacki is three to the last day for though she has survived a mini scare against russian police eclipse banner but no real surprises in the men's floored by roger federer beating chile's wining national challenge with ease taking the first step to love and going on to take the second six to. never be she had an even more convincing win against that in

a schoolboy six love six one score and that was. unfunny russian kick boxing fans have a new warrior to cheer on but to a seeker of claim the biggest win of his career with victory over paid one legend albert crimes here in moscow at the banyan watch the. what does it take to become the best dancer be the best for the physical make all three major world will be weighed he looks in the titles until he makes his name in k one and the fighting slowly edition the russian can't claim to be anywhere near the summit tonight with a goose stepping stone though the man has already been there and done that again for us two thousand and two k. one world gent bent his opponent a pair doubled the feel of the battle from a school dance no titles a stick however just right and no surer school owner. with

a huge supporter but hahn from his homeland the russian republic of the league yes . the karate profesional beautifully stride edging the first round with bros there's a known as hewitt king still able to demonstrate his dangerous until mooted though this would really matter in the second the dutchman lending a number of heavy shots although has he got held firm mostly seeking a breakthrough with his legs crossed at a cult but the rumble continues round three non-poor punch exchanged pulled by another the russian still keeping his bird busy with low creeks with grouse relying on his and delicate books and skills that's how it ended fighting spirit certainly not in question in this one however it was high single who claims an epic victory over it a unanimous decision but really it looked much cooler than that of three year old frankie showing respect to probably the greatest opponent he's ever for against.

the kind of real us that real elder cries i think in the ring is a much tougher puncher than the christ we have been studying watching and preparing for. but i didn't expect him to have such heavy hands we could talk very good punchers and sparring partners but they were still no equal to him. nevertheless one of those who had helped but in the spring when also produced a great performance tonight worldcon with some the champion wrestling resides facing up against below with the russian exploited light welterweight. and minutes into the fight music looking his opponent out of the stands politician able as they say i came i saw i conquered every fight is like a breakfast for me i just enjoy the gigs of the for another occasion fight so russia's rising star in the heavyweight division. based world tide books in canton

of the slum there just skills gained from his karate background giving the russian a nervous edge in the belts with one of those kids knocking their g.'s down movements of that may have been is the joke i with a martial arts sensual respect. party must be a. puzzle we've got time for for them i'm going to catch up with all of these stories about website that if you spray not so for me to contest off . my shoes the same i finish musician find the mark last week arab world power of people's hopes and the deadly reactions of tyrants are tunisia egypt leading the way for our living.

for the full story we've got it for the time the biggest issues get the.